Measuring the quantity of fluid flowing through pipes.



K. MBTZDORPF. MEASURING THE QUANTITY OF FLUID PLOWING THROUGH PIPES.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 28, 1914.

Patented Dec. 8, 1914.

Witnesses.-

'KUBT'IEETZDOBFF, OF BERLIN-TEGEL, GERMANY.

MEASURING THE QUAN'QITY OF FLUID FLOWING THROUGH PIPES.

Specification. of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec.8,,1914.

Application filed m 28, 1914. semi in. 341,43

To dll whom it may concern. K

Be it known that I, KURT Mn'rzoonrr,

-. ine a. nbiee of the King eiBr s 'rcsiid'i i i sew-saith, B r n-Tr ad, rnianyz haye invented certain new and useful Improinainentsjn Measnrijn the Quantity of Fluid lowing T nto g' P pes, of which the following is a specification.

Ak lown method of il asuring the quantity of gas, liq id, or st' eamflowing through pipes, conit$ in producing at one po int of the pipe, t l fl for nstan e y a float, nozzle, -throttle-disk or the like. An other method makes use of the pressure differenee existing between the static and dynamic pressure of ,the flowing gas or steam. In bothcases, the flowing quantity is ipnopontio n ate"to the root of this pressure di erence, and if the density is variable, is also proportionate to the root of the specific volume. f

The present invention relates to an improvedmethodof andmeans for measur' g or continuously recording nearis of (15 pressure diffiference in'ian electric way the flowing quantity with constant-and variable density. fit'her electric measuring methods, which serve for "the same piirpose, are already known, .over wh ichihfi Subj t m tter of the present inyention has the advan- *tage ofgreater s'im icityx Figure tie a iagram showing a well known form of connection for measuring flowing quantities, Fig. .2 is a diagram showing the connections and resistances used in the present invention, Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic showing of a form of thevinvention by'wh'ich density changes can also be measured, Figs 4, 5 and 10 are further modifications of the-invention, Fig. 6 is a dia grammatic view showing the formpf Fig. 4 connected to a mercury tubeor manometer which is effected'by the 'pressures of the flowing quantities andF-igs. 7 8 and 9 show diagrammatically difierent forms of resistances and tubes which are employed.

The measuring of the flowing 'quantity with constant specific volume is effected in such a way that a resistancein an electric circuit is so changed by neans of suitable apparatusof any ,kind, which are influenced by the pressure" differencgthat theintel slty of the 1 current in ,a secondlcons tant resistan be ong ng th same c cuit, o t potential difference existing-at ,the ends of said resistance respectively, ;is always pro portionate to the root of-the pressure differenee. For this purpose, a connection of any suitable kind may be employed. In

1, .ifor instance, aknown bridgeconnection, which has been previously employed f or the same urp'ose, is used.- The. resi'stance '12 to be influenced by the pressure dif- 'feren'ce together with three constant resistances w, w, 'w is combined in a Theatstone bridge and is automatically changed by the pressure difference so that the, galvanome er current is proportionateto the root of the pressure diiference. I i

A novel, simple connection according to the pnesent invention, which serves also for the n easn rement of the pressure difference only, that is for the first Y art ofthe method, is repggeserited in' Fi a A re -sist'ance "w is connected in series with two parallel re tanc .w1 nd 2, e fh c i i stant, while .w is so'changed by the pressure difference that the current i, flowing in the resistance 5w, is' proportionate to the root of the pressure difference. If desighat s .hl pl essure difference, the voltage o the c ic-pow our e, a d .1 as 3, an flwn, qns't nt gn than For the change of w the connection results in the following law:

. mitted,,the resistance 10 could not be made constant ;but would be liable to change also with the pressure difierence. ,For, with the pressure difference 0, which corresponds to a flowing quantity Q, 10, must else be infinitely large, in order that the current i.

corresponding to the flowing quantity becomes :O. This is, however, cumbrous for ';practical execution.

In order to consider changes of the density, according to the present invention, the resistance w of the connections in Figs. 1 and 2, or of other equivalent connections llO respectively,-is replaced by .two resistances, connected in series. In.Fig. 3, for instance,

the connection of Fig. 2 completedin this way is shown. The resistances w, and w which replace '00,, are now so influenced by the specific volume '0 that one partial res'ist- 3 ance, for instance 10,, is always changed proportionate to J1; and at the same time supplemented bythe' other resistance to the constant sum The change of w, is effected in the same way as in the connection of Fig. 2. Consequently, the current i flowing in the resistance w, is identical with the current i, (Fig. 2), that is the product i xw being then proportionate to W rn-W Thus, the potential difference existin at the ends of the resistance 10, and who is measured in voltmeter V, is a measure for the flowing quantity having a variable specific density.

Another modification of the connection of Fig. 2 is represented in Fig. 4. The resistance w is-divided into a partial resistance w, and two parallel resistances w, and w connected in series with 'w an ammeter A beinginserted therein. The resistance w (Fig. 2) is then replaced by w, and the resistance of the divided circuit may be expressed by Thus,

' The resistance *w, remains constant, whereas 10, and w, are arranged to .be so influenced by the changes of density that the sum 'w -l-w remains constant and at the same time the partial current i is changed proportionately to /11. The sum w,+w, can be expressed by the constant resistance w and a constant w,+w,=a,.w,.

The resistance 10, is, as in the connection of Fig. 2, so influenced by the changes of the pressure difference that s fllpz pr The current i, is not influenced by the variations in the specific volume, owing to the invariable magnitude of the sum w +'w,.

As now i, is also proportionate to i i will always be proportionate to V lla-P.-

The change of the three resistances 10,,

w w must be eflected as follows, as can be seen from the connection in Fig. 4:

portionate to VP: Pv' s is constant, while 'w and w, are influenced by the specific volume. This change is so efl'ected that the branch resistance '10,, formed by w -l-w, and w W4 and remains always constant, while at the same time the current i, flowing in the constant resistance w becomes proportionate to J12. As i is further proportionate to the sum of the branch currents a+' 41 s 1'\/P2 Pi- As the branch resistance w, is constant, it can also be expressed by u as follows:

w,=a,.'w

For the laws, according to which '10,, 10,, w, must be changed by the pressure difference or the specific volume respectively, the following formulas result from the connection:

VI. 11) :M.

The above-described connection allowed the consideration of two' factors only, namely the pressure difference, between the IV. w,=

flowing quantity and the specific volume.

The method can by a simple repetition also be used for considering more than two factors; for instance, when measuring steam, besides the pressure also the temperature a..- a considered.

award This is for. instan e shown in Fig, based on the connection illustrated in Eigq. The constantresistonce w, (Fig. 4) is replaced by the variable resistances-1'0, and w, and the constant resistance '40,. 'w and 'w, are so influenced by steam temperature that the total resistance ready prodportionate to the root from the erence as well as to the root on the steam pressure, remains invariable, while at the same time the partial current i which is always proportionate to i,, receives a correction corresponding to the variable steam temperature. Then, a, is a resure measure for the steam quantity also with variable ressure and variable temperature. It must noted that in the same way, as shown by the above description in respect of th connection in Fig. 2, the connection in Fig. 1 can also be modified by a correspondingjcon structlon of 'w for the purposeof considering changes of the density of the flowing quantity. a

In t e above formulas, the resistances of the supply wires are neglected. They can,

however, be considered as constant additional resistances by corresponding alteration of the formulas. In thesame way, other constant resistances may be added to the variable ones of the single branches, without departing from the principle of the connections.

The method can be employed for measur- I ing quantities of gas, steam or liquids. It

may also serve as a supplement to hitherto known measuring methods or measuring devices, whether'itbe for allowing a distant indication or a continuous counting, or for correcting the measurements corresponding to the varying specific volumes. Of course, with the improved method, also other laws besides those named may be considered; this would, for instance, apply if the method would be employed in connection with measurin instruments, in which by a change of the t rottling cross-section the pressure difference is kept constant. Instead of the root of the pressure difference, in the formulas a function of the variable cross-section would then be inserted.

Hereinafter, a device is described which is constructed according to the improved method and which serves particularly for measuring steam. In this connection, the known mercury differential manometer is employed, the oscillations of the mercury columns being electrically put into action in a novel way.

As the measuring of steam is generally effected by determining its weight, with varying condition of the steam the correction nudilae applied corresponding to the specific weight. .As presure and specific. weight, apart from superheating, are ahnost proportional a gage or manometer is employed for the correction according to the. varying pressure. This gage or manometer may of any kind; for instance, a tubular or. plst'on-ga or manometer may be employed, whic 1s provided with suitable devices for c the 10 and w, (Fpgs. 3 to 5) in the required way. 1th the device hereinafter described, for instance a mercury gas gage or manometer 13 used, which is constructed in a novel way for the present purpose. Y

The w ole measuring device is re resented in Fig. 6, the same being b on the connection in Fig. 4. Instead of the latter, also those shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 5 may be em loyed.

he two members of the mercury differential gage or manometer D are acted upon by the pressures p, and p, of a pressure difference produced in the steam current by one ot the known methods. If It and k designate the oscillations of the mercury columns in both members from the zero posltlon, h +h is proportionate to p p,, and the steam quantity Q, is, without regard to thevariable pressure, proportionate to that is Q 4-1/ z+ r The gage or manometer M serves for the correction of the measurements according to the variable pressure. Said gage or manometer consists of two communicating tubes, one being open and the other closed and both filled to a certain mark with mercury. The closed member contains above the mercury column a certain quantity'of air or gas. The open member is in communication with the steam pressure. Ac cording to whether the latter rises or falls, the two mercury columns in the members are displaced and the inclosed air or gas quantity is more or less compressed.

In one member of the difierential gage or manometer I), the resistance '20, is inserted. The resistances w, and 'w are located in the members of the gage or manometer M.

From a power source E, the main current J flows through the series resistance w and is divided at A corresponding to the amount of the resistances w, and 10 into the branch currents i and The latter is again divided at B into the currents 2' 2' corresponding to the parallel resistances w 'w At C the three partial currents i i and i are combined and flow back to the power source.

The resistance w must be so changed by the rising or falling mercury column that 5 becomes proportionate to W respectively. For this purpose, with the height also the length and at the same'time the cross-section of the inserted resistance can be correspondingly varied, or with constant ores-section the length alone.)

A-constructional form of the latter-case is shown in Fig. 6 and on a larger scale in Fig. 7. A wire-shaped resistance of-com slant cross-section is wound in a cylindrical helix with variable pitch. .The size ofthe resistance 10, is. then proportionate to its liberated length Z, that is The change of the angle of the pitch must beso chosen that the length Zof the resistance, corresponding to any oscillation 'h of the differential gage or manometer M, has

such a value that the current voltage-, in the resistance 'w is proportionate to lh -Hz The law, according to which the pitch of the helix must change with its height, results from the formula I, in replacing 12 42,

or to and w, by the corresponding values ltd-h,

and l.

In another construction (Fig. 8)- w, is wound in a helical wire of constant pitch by making the radius of the windings cor-- resiplondinglyvariable.

mains constant, the height ofthe mercury columns and thus thesize of theresistancee w iand '11: remains constant. The current i then changes proportionately to the total. current 6 that isproportionatelyto pi p1).

With a pressure variation, the mercury column in one membermises while that in the other memberfalls. Thereby, one resistanne is reduced while the other is increased. The form of the resistances must be so chosen that, corresponding to the connection in Fig. 4, the sum cu l-"w, remains constant and the current voltage i becomes proportionateto including a constantresistanceconnected in series with a plurality of ,variable resistances, said variableresistances being wound so that the current passing therethrough is proportionate to the square root of the pressure din'erences, and means for varying said resistances according to the fluid pressure. In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name this 15' day of May 1914, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

KURT METZDORFF.

Witnesses:

WOLDEMAR HAUPT, HENRY HASPEB. 

